Ngokuvela kwezinhlobo eziningi zamabhethri kanye nokuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo kwamadivayisi ahlakaniphile athuthukile, izimoto zikagesi, namandla elanga, kukhona impikiswano eqhubekayo mayelana nokuthi yiluphi uhlobo lwebhethri oluhlinzeka ngokusebenza okungcono kakhulu namandla. Esinye seziqhathaniso ezivame kakhulu neziphindelelayo yimpikiswano yebhethri ye-lead-acid vs lithium-ion. Lesi sihloko sizohlola umehluko phakathi kwamabhethri e-lead-acid namabhethri e-lithium-ion.

Ibhethri le-lead-acid kwaba ibhethri lokuqala elishajwa kabusha elisetshenziswa ukuthengisa. Yasungulwa ngo 1859 futhi isasetshenziswa kabanzi ngezinhloso ezahlukahlukene. Ngokungafani namabhethri e-lithium-ion, amabhethri e-lead-acid awabizi futhi ngokuvamile abhekwa njengendlela eshibhile yokunikeza amandla amakhulu.

Ibhethri le-lead-asidi ibhethri elishajekayo elivame ukusebenzisa umthofu ongenayo njenge-anode eshajwe kabi ne-oxide. (i-oxide eholayo) njenge-electrode enhle.

Kokubili i-cathode ne-anode kucwiliswa ku-electrolyte equkethe isisombululo esine-asidi se-dilute sulfuric acid.. Ukucwilisa ama-electrode ku-electrolyte kubangela ukusabela kwamakhemikhali ukuthi kwenzeke. Ukusabela kwamakhemikhali kwenzeka ngaphakathi kwebhethri, ukukhulula amandla kagesi ageleza kuma-electrode.

Amabhethri e-lead-acid asetshenziswa kakhulu ezimotweni zikagesi, izikebhe ezinenjini, ama-scooters kagesi, ukukhanya okuphuthumayo, nezinye izinkambu.

1. Ashibhile. Yingakho isetshenziswa kabanzi emakethe yanamuhla.
2. Anenani eliphansi kakhulu lokuzikhulula kuwo wonke amabhethri aphinde ashajwe.
3. Amabhethri e-lead-acid adinga ukulungiswa okuncane futhi angakwazi ukusebenza kahle ngaphansi kwezimo ezinzima.
4. Amandla athile aphezulu, okungase kukhiqizwe high discharge current.

1. Amabhethri e-lead-acid ngokuvamile abamakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa namabhethri e-lithium-ion anomthamo ofanayo webhethri.
2. Zinomkhawulo wempilo yomjikelezo futhi zisengozini enkulu yokuphila kwebhethri efinyeziwe ngenxa yokuphuma okujulile.
3. Amabhethri kufanele agcinwe eshajiwe ukuze kuvinjwe ukushabalala kwebhethri.
4. Isivinini sokushaja sihamba kancane, ukuthatha 14 ku 16 amahora wokushaja ngokugcwele.
5. Ayihambisani nemvelo, ukungagaywa kabusha kuzoba nomthelela omubi endaweni ezungezile.

Selokhu yavela, amabhethri e-lithium-ion ashintshe umdlalo emkhakheni wokukhiqiza amandla futhi asethandwa kakhulu ngenxa yedizayini yawo ephathekayo., umthamo wokushaja, kanye nokuminyana kwamandla aphezulu. Ngenxa yalezi zakhiwo, amabhethri e-lithium-ion athole ukutholwa okujwayelekile kumishini eminingi kagesi efana nomakhalekhukhwini, amaphilisi, kanye namalaptop. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isetshenziswa nasezimotweni zikagesi (EVs) kanye nokugibela embonini yezimoto kanye nemishini yelanga.

Ibhethri ye-lithium-ion, eyaziwa nangokuthi ibhethri ye-lithium-ion, ibhethri elishajekayo elisebenzisa i-lithium ion ukugcina amandla. Iqukethe i-electrode efakwe kahle (i-cathode) kanye ne-electrode ene-negative charge (i-anode).

Ngesikhathi sokushaja, I-lithium ion isuka ku-cathode iye ku-anode, okudala amandla kagesi. Inqubo ephambene yenzeka ngesikhathi sokukhishwa. I-cathode imvamisa iyi-lithium-based material futhi ilawula umthamo webhethri kanye ne-voltage.

Ngokuvamile, I-graphite isetshenziswa njenge-anode material. Phakathi kwe-cathode ne-anode kune-electrolyte eyakhiwe usawoti we-lithium ku-solvent ephilayo.. Ingxenye yokugcina yebhethri ye-lithium-ion isihlukanisi, okuyisithiyo esingokomzimba phakathi kwe-cathode ne-anode esenza i-lithium ion ikwazi ukuhamba ebhethri ngenkathi ivimba ama-electron ukuthi angangeni..

I-Lithium ions ikhiqizwa ku-cathode futhi ithuthwa yi-electrolyte, ukuhamba ngesihlukanisi kuya ku-anode, lapho zigcinwa khona ngesikhathi sokushajwa kwebhethri. Isimiso sokusebenza samabhethri e-lithium-ion silula.

Lapho amabhethri e-lithium-ion asetshenziselwa ukunika amandla izinto ezisebenza njengezimoto zokungcebeleka (Ama-RV), I-lithium ion isuka ku-anode iye ku-cathode ngokusebenzisa i-electrolyte. Lokhu kunyakaza kubangela ama-electron, okubangela ukuthi basuke ku-cathode baye ku-anode. Uma idivayisi ishajiwe, i-reverse yale nqubo yamakhemikhali kwenzeka.

Amabhethri e-lithium-ion awusizo ezindaweni eziningi, ngezicelo ezinkulu ezinhlelweni zokugada, amaphakethe amandla ephathekayo, izimoto zikagesi nama-RV, izinhlelo zokugcina amandla elanga, amandla ayisipele esiphuthumayo (I-UPS), nokusebenza olwandle.

1. Alula kunamanye amabhethri ngoba ama-electrode enziwe ngezinto ezingasindi.
2. Ziphila isikhathi eside futhi zingabamba ukushaja isikhathi eside.
3. Anokuminyana kwamandla aphezulu kunezinye izinhlobo zebhethri njengamabhethri e-lead-acid.
4. Zinokujula okuphezulu kokukhipha futhi zingakwazi ukuphatha imijikelezo eminingi yokushaja nokukhipha.

1. Anezindleko eziphakeme kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa namabhethri aneasidi yomthofu.
2. Bane-runaway eshisayo, okusho ukuthi bangabamba umlilo.
3. Amazinga okushisa aphezulu asheshisa ukuphila kwalawa mabhethri, okubenza behlise isithunzi ngokushesha.
4. Azikwazi ukulethwa ezindizeni ngoba ziyakwazi ukukhiqiza ukushisa okungadala umlilo, ngakho-ke abalawuli bavimbele amabhethri e-lithium-ion.

Lapho ubuyekeza ukunikezwa kwamandla nezinketho zokugcina amandla, umbuzo ojwayelekile ovame ukubuzwa ukuthi iliphi ibhethri elingcono kakhulu ukukhetha. Izinketho ezivame kakhulu ubuchwepheshe bebhethri ye-lead-acid kanye ne-lithium-ion, ashintsha ngokushesha amabhethri e-lead-asidi evamile. Ake siqhathanise izici zamabhethri okuhola namabhethri e-lithium.

Amabhethri e-lead-acid akhulula i-hydrogen nomoya-mpilo uma eshajwe ngokweqile. Lawa magesi avutha kakhulu futhi angabangela ukuqhuma kwebhethri noma ushevu kubantu uma kungangeni kahle umoya. Nokho, amabhethri amaningi aneasidi yomthofu emakethe alawulwa ngamavalvu ngakho aphephile ukuwasebenzisa.

Ngokungqubuzanayo, amabhethri e-lithium awakhiphi izinto eziyingozi ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa. Amabhethri e-lithium-ion nawo abeka izingozi zokuphepha ngenxa yokubaleka okushisayo. Ukuze ugweme izingozi ezingaba khona zamabhethri, abakhiqizi abaningi bebhethri ye-lithium banezele izinhlelo zokuphatha ibhethri (I-BMS) emikhiqizweni yabo. I-BMS izonciphisa ubungozi bokwehluleka futhi iqinisekise ukuphepha kwamaseli ebhethri.

Yonke imboni esebenzisa lawa mabhethri inemithetho eqondisa ukwenziwa kwawo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi aphephile ukuwasebenzisa, futhi okubaluleke kakhulu, womabili amabhethri kufanele aphathwe ngokucophelela.

Ukusebenza kahle kwezindleko kungenye into abantu abaningi abagxila kuyo lapho bethenga amabhethri. Lona umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwamabhethri e-lead-acid namabhethri e-lithium-ion.

Amabhethri e-lead-acid ayinketho eshibhile yokufaka ibhethri. Okwamabhethri anosayizi ofanayo nomthamo, intengo yamabhethri e-lithium-ion ivamise ukuphinda kabili inani lamabhethri e-lead-acid aqhathanisekayo.

Nokho, ngokwempilo yalawa mabhethri, amabhethri e-lithium-ion ahlala isikhathi eside kakhulu kunamabhethri e-lead-acid. Inani lempilo lamabhethri e-lithium-ion lizoba kabili kunalelo lamabhethri e-lead-acid.

Ngakho-ke, amabhethri e-lead-acid ayinketho eshibhile kuphela yezinhlelo zokusebenza ezimile zesikhashana ezinezidingo zamandla aphansi. Ngokungqubuzanayo, uma ufuna ukusebenzisa amabhethri njengomthombo wamandla isikhathi eside, amabhethri e-lithium ayinketho engabizi kakhulu

Akekho ofuna ukuphatha amabhethri amakhulu. Yingakho abasebenzisi abaningi bekhetha ukusebenzisa amabhethri angasindi athatha indawo encane etholakalayo ngangokunokwenzeka. Amabhethri e-lead-acid aqukethe umthofu, okuyimpahla enokuminyana okuphezulu, kuyilapho amabhethri e-lithium-ion aqukethe i-lithium, okusho ukuthi 55% ilula kunomthofu. Amabhethri e-lead-acid aqukethe umthofu omningi futhi anjalo 5 izikhathi ezinzima kunamabhethri e-lithium-ion. Ngaphandle kwalokho, amabhethri e-lithium-ion anomthamo omkhulu wamandla futhi awadingi indawo ebonakalayo njengamabhethri e-lead-acid., ngakho-ke amabhethri e-lithium-ion alula ngesisindo nosayizi uma kuqhathaniswa namabhethri e-lead-acid.

Umthamo webhethri isilinganiso senani lamandla angagcinwa futhi ekugcineni akhishwe kuvolumu yeyunithi yebhethri.. Umthamo webhethri ukhombisa ngqo ukuthi kungakanani okusebenzayo okuqukethwe ngaphakathi kwebhethri.

Nakuba umthamo webhethri ungahluka kuye ngemodeli nomkhiqizi, into eyodwa iyafana: ukuminyana kwamandla namandla ebhethri amabhethri e-lithium-ion aphezulu kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa namabhethri e-lead-acid. Ukusebenzisa indawo efanayo, amabhethri e-lithium-ion angagcina amandla amaningi kunamabhethri e-lead-acid.

Njengoba ubuchwepheshe be-lithium-ion bunamandla okugcina amandla aphezulu, unganika amandla amadivaysi amaningi futhi ukhiphe amandla engeziwe isikhathi eside.

Ukujula kokukhishwa (I-DOD) yebhethri isho inani eliphezulu lamandla elingase ibhethri elishajwe ngokugcwele ngaphambi kokuthi lishajwe kabusha.. Ikala ukuthi angakanani amandla ebhethri ongawasebenzisa ngokuphephile ngaphandle kokudala umonakalo ebhethrini.

Ukujula kokukhishwa kwamabhethri e-lithium namabhethri e-lead-acid kufana nalokhu: amabhethri e-lead-acid ane-DOD ye 50%, futhi ukweqa lokhu kujula kungathinta kabi impilo yesevisi yebhethri, kuyilapho amabhethri e-lithium-ion ene-DOD ephakeme ye 80% noma ngaphezulu.

Ukujula okuphezulu kokukhishwa kwamabhethri e-lithium-ion kuwavumela ukuthi abe namandla okusebenzisa aphezulu kunamabhethri e-lead-acid. Ngokwesikhathi sokushaja, amabhethri e-lithium-ion angashajwa ngokugcwele emizuzwini embalwa nje ukuya emahoreni amathathu.

Ibhethri ye-asidi yomthofu enosayizi ofanayo ingase ithathe 10 amahora noma ngaphezulu ukuze ushaje ngokugcwele, isici esibalulekile kuzinhlelo zokusebenza ezizwelayo isikhathi ezinezikhathi zokuphumula ezimbalwa kanye nesikhathi sokusebenzisa esiningi.

Impilo yomjikelezo webhethri isho inani lemijikelezo yokushajwa ibhethri elingadlula kuyo ngaphandle kokululaza ukusebenza. Uma ibhethri likhishwa (kusuka kudivayisi eyinika amandla) futhi ishajwe kabusha, lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi umjikelezo wokushaja.

Impilo yesevisi yebhethri ivamise ukukalwa ngenani lemijikelezo yokushajwa ibhethri elingadlula kuyo ngaphambi kokuphelelwa yisikhathi. Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi ukujula kokukhipha kuthinta ngqo impilo yomjikelezo webhethri; Ukukhipha okujulile kubeka ibhethri ingcindezi, ukunciphisa umjikelezo wempilo yayo kanye nokunciphisa ukusebenza kahle kwayo.

Ngokufigqiwe, amabhethri anempilo yomjikelezo omude anesikhathi eside sokuphila kunamabhethri anomjikelezo omfushane. Ngokuvamile, amabhethri e-lead-acid anempilo yomjikelezo cishe 300-500 imijikelezo, engahlala cishe unyaka owodwa kuya kwemibili.

Amabhethri e-Lithium-ion, Ngokolunye uhlangothi, ube nempilo ende yomjikelezo. Amabhethri e-lithium iron phosphate aziwa ngokuba nempilo ende, ngempilo yomjikelezo ephelile 4000 imijikelezo, ezingahlala for 10 iminyaka, futhi ezinye izinhlobo eziphezulu zingahlala kuze kube 15 iminyaka noma ngaphezulu.

Njengoba amabhethri engahlali unomphela, lokhu kusishiya nomunye umbuzo obalulekile: miphi imithelela yemvelo ye-lead-acid vs. i-lithium-ion?

Ngaphambilini kulesi sihloko, sabona ukuthi amabhethri e-lead-acid kanye ne-lithium-ion aqukethe izinto eziyingozi futhi ezinobuthi kakhulu. Ngenxa yempilo yabo ende yebhethri, amabhethri e-lithium-ion ashintshwa kancane kunamabhethri e-lead-acid.

Ukwengeza, zilahlwa kalula, okwenza zibe nobungane ngokwemvelo. Amabhethri e-lead-acid aqukethe izinto ezimbili ezinobuthi obukhulu, amapuleti okuhola kanye ne-asidi, okungadala ukucekelwa phansi kwemvelo okukhulu.

Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi zilahlwe ngendlela efanele kuthatha imali eningi nesikhathi, okwenza amabhethri e-lithium-ion abe yisinqumo esingcono sokufakwa kwebhethri, okubangela isidingo esikhulu esivela kubakhiqizi bezimoto zikagesi kanye nabakhiqizi bezimoto zikagesi.

1- Amaseli elanga

Eminyakeni yakamuva, abantu baye babonisa ukukhathalela okwandayo ngomhlaba, futhi abantu abaningi ngokwengeziwe bakhetha imithombo yamandla avuselelekayo ezindlini zabo nasemahhovisi. Ngenxa yalokho, amaphaneli elanga manje athandwa kakhulu kunangaphambili. Kungcono ukuba nebhethri elinamandla amakhulu ukugcina ugesi okhiqizwa ama-solar panel ukuze usetshenziswe kamuva.

Amaphakethe ebhethri anamaseli ebhethri amaningi angenza lo msebenzi kahle. Uma kuqhathaniswa namabhethri e-lead-asidi anosayizi ofanayo, amabhethri e-lithium-ion anezilinganiso zokushaja ngokushesha kanye nokujula okuphezulu kokukhipha, ukuhlinzeka ngokusebenza kahle kwamandla okuphezulu isikhathi eside.

2- Izimoto zikagesi

Ngokuvamile, uhlobo lwebhethri oludingekayo ezimotweni zikagesi kulindeleke ukuthi lube lula futhi lube phezulu ekusebenzeni. Amabhethri e-lithium-ion akhethwa ngenxa yesikhathi sawo sokushaja ngokushesha nekhono lokuhlinzeka ngamandla angaguquki kuwo wonke umjikelezo wokukhipha.

Alukho olunye uhlobo lwebhethri embonini yezimoto zikagesi olungawafanisa kulokhu. Lokhu kwenza amabhethri e-lithium-ion abe uhlobo lwebhethri lokuqala emakethe yezimoto zikagesi.

3- Ukugibela Ugesi

Ukuhamba ngezinto zikagesi ezifana nezithuthuthu zikagesi namabhodi okushwibeka kagesi akulula uma unamabhethri e-lithium-ion. Amabhethri e-lithium-ion anamaseli amane, ngayinye ikhiqiza i-3.2V. Ungaxhuma amaphakethe amane ebhethri engeziwe ngokuhambisana, ikunikeza amandla ebhethri engeziwe.

Ukuminyana kwamandla okuphezulu kwamabhethri e-lithium-ion kusho ukuthi ungashayela isikhathi eside ngemoto yakho kagesi oyikhethile ngaphandle kokukhathazeka ngakho.. Enye inzuzo yamabhethri e-lithium-ion okugibela ugesi ukuthi angakwazi ukubamba ukushaja isikhathi eside. Amabhethri e-lead-acid ayinazo lezi zici, ukubenza bangafaneleki ukusetshenziswa ekugibeleni ngogesi.